Impact of Climate Warming in the Past 20 Years on Agriculture in Different Regions of China     

Liu Yingjie  Lin Erda 《气候变化研究进展》2008,4(00):51-55

 Based on the China Rural Statistical Yearbook of 1984-2003 published by State Statistics Bureau, and the annual temperature in the same period, impacts of temperature change, agricultural input, and planting area on grain production were analyzed for different regions of China during the last 20 years. The results show that the main characteristic of climate warming has obviously promoted the increase of grain yield in Northeast China, but to some extent suppressed it in North China, Northwest China and Southwest China, and shown no obvious effect on it in East China and Central-South China. The increase in agricultural input facilitated the grain production obviously in various regions in the early stage of the past 20 years, but showed no obvious effect in the late stage. The continuous reduction in sown area had a significant negative effect on the grain production in East China and Central-South China.  相似文献   

Key parameters governing the dynamic response of long-period structures     

N. Fukuwa  J. Tobita 《Journal of Seismology》2008,12(2):295-306

The present study describes the important factors (period, duration, and intensity) involved in evaluating input ground motion and structural response for the design of long-period structures such as high-rise buildings and base-isolated buildings. First, the fundamental dynamic properties of high-rise buildings are explained based on the results of newly introduced vibration observations programs. Next, the distribution of the predominant period and duration of seismic ground motion within the Nobi Plain, one of the largest sedimentary plains in Japan, is discussed with respect to the possibility of resonance of long-period structures. Finally, we introduce a recently developed long-stroke shaking table that is intended to convince structural engineers and building owners to take adequate countermeasures against large floor response in high-rise buildings because of resonance. Presented at the International Workshop on Long-Period Ground Motion Simulation and Velocity Structures Earthquake Research Institute, University of Tokyo, Tokyo, November 14–15, 2006.  相似文献   

Original technologies for proven performances for the new LCPC earthquake simulator   总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0  

J. L. Chazelas  S. Escoffier  J. Garnier  L. Thorel  G. Rault 《Bulletin of Earthquake Engineering》2008,6(4):723-728

The European Quaker project has been a powerful opportunity to accelerate the development of the ability to carry out earthquake simulations at reduced scale in the centrifuge in LCPC—France. This paper summarizes the main original technologies of this simulator. The quality of the checked performances is demonstrated in terms of ability to perform since earthquakes as well as to simulate scaled records of real earthquakes. The consistancy of the results is presented in the time and in the frequency domains.  相似文献   

弹性地基条件下狭窄煤柱岩爆的突变理论分析   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

张勇  潘岳 《岩土力学》2007,28(7):1469-1476

将未采煤层视为弹性地基条件下,运用maple9.5符号运算软件解得岩梁的挠曲线方程。根据能量守恒原理得到的功、能增量平衡关系式,求得岩梁–煤柱系统作准静态形变时的平衡方程--折迭突变模型平衡方程;用折迭突变总势能函数所作的稳定性判别表明,岩爆前兆阶段岩梁–煤柱系统处于不稳定平衡状态;煤柱岩爆的条件是Cook刚度准则,该准则可以动态地用煤柱形变增大时所需外界的能量输入率趋于0来表示;计算了煤柱岩爆地震能释放量,阐明煤柱岩爆机制是由于岩梁弹性能释放量超过峰后软化煤柱形变所耗的能量。通过岩梁弹性势能变化率曲线和煤柱耗能曲线,以几何形式描述了所得研究结果。计算表明,未开采煤层刚度变化对岩梁的等效刚度影响微弱。工作面开挖和采空区增大,将显著减小岩梁刚度Ke,对煤柱岩爆有重要影响。  相似文献   

Pattern of spatial variability in granulometric and mineralogical characteristics across an ecologically sensitive sub-tropical wetland (Bihar,India)     

Alvia Aslam  Rajesh Kumar Ranjan  Avinash Dass 《国际泥沙研究》2023,38(4):516-529

Floodplain wetlands are dynamic systems undergoing frequent hydro-sedimentological changes. Tropical/subtropical wetlands have even more pronounced climatic and biological influences on the sediment dynamics. In the current study, a protected subtropical wetland in Bihar(India) has been assessed for its sedimentary and mineralogical status. Sediment characteristics and associated granulometric parameters are discussed to highlight the wetland’s hydrogeomorphic character, energy dimension, and th...  相似文献   

多维地震作用下大跨空间结构的减震控制分析          下载免费PDF全文

赵祥  刘忠华  王社良  杨涛  展猛 《地震工程学报》2018,40(3):398-405

考虑到多维地震输入对网架结构的不利影响,基于形状记忆合金超弹性,研制出一种兼具自复位、高耗能及放大功能于一体的形状记忆合金复合黏滞阻尼器(Hybrid Shape Memory Alloy Viscous Dampers,简称HSMAVD),并通过试验研究该阻尼器在循环荷载作用下的力学性能;然后以平面四角锥网架模型为基础,将该阻尼器替换部分网架结构杆件,并分析该阻尼器减震控制效果。结果表明形状记忆合金与黏滞阻尼器复合后具有良好的协同工作能力,可有效发挥形状记忆合金的超弹性和黏滞阻尼器的速度相关特性,使其具有稳定的滞回性能和良好的耗能能力;采用阻尼杆件替换原杆件的方法既能对结构进行有效的减震控制,又不改变原有的结构形式,是一种优越的减震控制方法,并为HSMAVD被动控制系统在结构抗震中的实际应用提供新思路。  相似文献   

An improved input energy spectrum verified by the shake table tests     

Ahmet Güllü  Ercan Yüksel  Cem Yalçın  A. Anıl Dindar  Hasan Özkaynak  Oral Büyüköztürk 《地震工程与结构动力学》2019,48(1):27-45

Input energy is the principal component of the energy balance equation. It is beneficial to determine, through its components, how the recoverable and irrecoverable energies are distributed within the structural elements. Several equations and attenuation relations to define mass-normalized input energy spectra exist in the literature. They are mainly proposed for elastic systems subjected to far-fault EQs. There is a lack of experimental verification of these proposed spectra. In this paper, experimental assessment was performed to the existing spectra, and further improvements were accomplished. For this purpose, steel cantilever columns were tested on the shake table for two specific historical EQs coincidently having similar spectral acceleration values. Based on the experimental results, a three-part mass-normalized relative input energy spectrum was formulated including soil type, EQ (corner period, intensity, duration, spectral acceleration, and velocity), and structural behavioral characteristics (period and structural damping). The proposed input energy spectrum was experimentally calibrated and numerically validated for various EQs featuring near- and far-field types. Analytical and experimental comparisons were made between the previously developed spectrum and the newly proposed one. The validation studies and the statistical evaluations exposed that the proposed spectrum yielded better agreement with the experimental and numerical results.  相似文献   

细菌细胞膜脂记录的西太平洋暖池约4Ma以来沉积物风尘陆源输入变化     

赵小小  吴玥汀  董良  章陶亮  胡邦琦  李清  王风平 《海洋地质与第四纪地质》2021,41(1):52-60

西菲律宾海作为西太平洋暖池的一部分,重建其在地质历史时期的热力学变化、陆源输入变化,对于理解西太平洋暖池在全球地质时间尺度上的作用具有重要意义。利用古菌与细菌的细胞膜质甘油二烷基甘油四醚(glycerol dialkyl glycerol tetraethers,GDGTs)对西菲律宾海XT-47孔沉积物的陆源输入及其上方水体温度的变化进行重建,发现该沉积柱顶部(0~260 cm,约16.6~18.8 ka)BIT指标为0.01~0.2,TEX^H 86重建的上层海水平均温度为22.5℃,而底部(260~632 cm,约18.8~4000 ka)TEX^H 86重建得到的上层海水温度绝对值波动剧烈(0.6~26℃),在此范围内BIT>0.3,并呈现逐渐增加的趋势,超过BIT界定的陆源输入对TEX^H 86重建古温度有效性的阈值,这导致了该深度范围内TEX^H 86重建古温度变化的严重偏差。以260和470 cm为界,该沉积柱的沉积相出现明显变化,上层为大量纹层硅藻席沉积,中层为远洋黏土和硅藻泥互层,下层为远洋黏土沉积;同时,支链GDGTs(branched GDGTs,br GDGTs)的组成也出现明显差异,说明其来源可能有所不同。基于以上分析,提出260 cm以浅,brGDGTs可能主要为海相原位自生为主;而260 cm深度以下,主要以风尘输送的陆源brGDGTs为主。该结果显示陆源输入的变化可以间接反映东亚冬季风的强弱,本研究为高低纬之间的海陆相互作用研究提供了新的视角。  相似文献   

大亚湾夏季浮游植物群落结构及对淡澳河输入的响应特征*     

张立明  谭烨辉  李佳俊  黄小平  刘甲星 《热带海洋学报》2020,39(5):43-54

浮游植物是水生生态系统的基础生产者, 其群落结构直接影响到生态系统的健康和安全。河流输入是人类活动影响大亚湾水体环境最重要的途径之一, 淡水输入改变了水体温度、盐度、浊度和营养盐等环境因子, 对浮游植物群落结构产生影响。文章调查研究了2015年河流输入最强的夏季丰水期大亚湾的水体环境因子和浮游植物群落结构, 分析了在较强河流输入影响下浮游植物群落结构的动态变化及其对环境因子的响应。结果发现, 夏季大亚湾淡澳河的输入使湾顶淡澳河口区域形成层化的低盐、高温、低透明度、高营养盐的水体, 湾中部表层水体则受一定强度河流羽流影响, 而湾口和湾中部底层水体主要受外海水影响。淡澳河淡水输入是夏季大亚湾外源性氮、磷营养盐的主要来源, 而硅酸盐除河流输入外, 外海水也输入较多的营养盐使得底层水体硅酸盐浓度较高。夏季大亚湾水体营养比例失衡较严重, 溶解无机磷是限制浮游植物生长的重要因子。硅藻是大亚湾夏季浮游植物的优势类群, 调查发现3种优势种[极小海链藻(Thalassiosira minima)、中肋骨条藻(Skeletonema costatum)和圆海链藻(Thalassiosira rotula)]均为硅藻。通过聚类分析, 可将大亚湾夏季浮游植物群落主要分为3种类型, 分别为: 浮游植物丰度较大的极小海链藻藻华暴发的群落, 位于淡澳河口, 受河流输入影响明显; 中肋骨条藻占据优势的群落, 分布在受一定强度的河流及其羽流影响的湾顶和湾中部区域; 浮游植物丰度较低的群落, 无明显优势种, 主要分布在湾口海水影响区域。淡澳河口的水体环境有利于小型链状硅藻极小海链藻的快速繁殖并暴发了藻华, 藻华发生时的海水环境条件为: 温度30~31°C, 盐度17‰~31‰, 水体透明度0.45~1.2m。硅藻对不同营养盐利用的差异以及随后的生物碎屑和颗粒沉降过程导致藻华发生区域Si∶N值略降低, N∶P值显著升高。河流输入影响下, 单一物种大量生长使得浮游植物群落种类组成丰度分布极不均匀, 从而导致淡澳河口浮游植物群落的种类多样性和均匀度指数降低, 种类多样性和均匀度指数均从淡澳河口向湾口逐渐增大。  相似文献   

Inter-annual simulation of global carbon cycle variations in a terrestrial–aquatic continuum     

Tadanobu Nakayama 《水文研究》2020,34(3):662-678

The advanced process-based model, National Integrated Catchment-based Eco-hydrology (NICE)-BGC, which incorporates the whole process of carbon cycling in land, was modified to include the feedback between soil organic content and overland carbon fluxes. It is a crucial and difficult task to evaluate the balance of the terrestrial carbon budget including the effect of inland water robustly. To accomplish this purpose, NICE-BGC was applied to quantify the global biogeochemical carbon cycle closely associated with the complex hydrological cycle during the 36 years between 1980 and 2015. The model demonstrated that the inter-annual variations of carbon cycle have been greatly affected by the extreme weather patterns. In particular, spatial distribution of temporal trends in riverine carbon fluxes and their relation to soil organic carbon (SOC) were analysed between different biomes and major river basins. Although there was a positive relationship between SOC and riverine flux of dissolved organic carbon and particulate organic carbon in the northern boreal region, it is difficult to see this relation in other regions. Further, the evaluation of potential controlling factors of temporal trends in SOC and fluvial carbon exports was also helpful to quantify the inter-annual variation or temporal trend caused by the various effects. SOC was more influenced by temperature variations, whereas riverine carbon exports were mainly determined by precipitation variations. Finally, net land flux including inland water (−1.49 ± 0.50 PgC/year) showed a slight decrease in the carbon sink in comparison with previous values (−2.33 ± 0.50 PgC/year). These results help to distinguish the carbon cycle in different river basins and to re-evaluate carbon cycle change explicitly including the effect of inland water because this effect has been so far implicitly included within the range of uncertainty in the Earth's global carbon cycle comprising land, oceans, and atmosphere.  相似文献